Overview: some historical facts on the ground -- Statement of the problem and basic questions -- The methodology of ethnicity research -- Historical/political manifestations of the Macedonian ethnic identity -- Cognitive self-descriptor evidence for a Macedonian ethnicity -- Sociocultural characterization of the Macedonian ethnic identity -- Components of the Macedonian ethnic identity: genetic DNA evidence -- Who the Macedonians are: an across domain, evidence-based answer -- Problems in development of the Macedonian ethnic identity -- A general ethnicity model.