The revelation that the U.S. Department of Defense had hired anthropologists for its Human Terrain System project-assisting its operations in Afghanistan and Iraq-caused an uproar that has obscured the participation of sociologists in similar Pentagon-funded projects. As the contributors to Sociology and Empire show, such affiliations are not new. Sociologists have been active as advisers, theorists, and analysts of Western imperialism for more than a century. The collection has a threefold agen