World War I Espionage: Mata Hari, Niedermayer-hentig Expedition
Books, LLC, General Books LLC
ISBN: | 9781156675021 |
Publisher: | General Books |
Published: | 20 August, 2010 |
Format: | Paperback |
World War I Espionage: Mata Hari, Niedermayer-hentig Expedition
Books, LLC, General Books LLC
Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 25. Chapters: Mata Hari, Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition, British Counter-intelligence against the Indian revolutionary movement during World War I, His Last Bow, The Garden of Forking Paths, Choctaw Code Talkers, Espionage in Norway during World War I, MI5(g), Indian Political Intelligence Office, John Wallinger. Excerpt: The Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition was a diplomatic mission sent by the Central Powers to Afghanistan in 1915-1916. The purpose was to encourage Afghanistan to declare full independence from the United Kingdom, enter World War I on the side of the Central Powers, and attack India. The expedition was sent as a part of the Indo-German efforts to provoke a nationalist revolution in India. Nominally headed by the exiled Indian prince Raja Mahendra Pratap, the expedition was a joint operation of Germany and Turkey and was led by the German Army officers Oskar Niedermayer and Werner Otto von Hentig. Other participants included members of the Indian nationalist organisation called the Berlin Committee, including Maulavi Barkatullah and C. R. Pillai, while the Turkish effort was represented by Kazim Bey, a close confidante of Enver Pasha. Britain saw the expedition as a serious threat. Britain and its ally Russia unsuccessfully attempted to intercept it in Persia during the summer of 1915. Britain waged a covert intelligence and diplomatic offensive, including personal interventions by the Viceroy Lord Hardinge and King George V, to maintain Afghan neutrality. The mission failed in its main task of rallying Afghanistan, under Emir Habibullah Khan, to the German and Turkish war effort, but it influenced other major events. In Afghanistan, the expedition triggered reforms and drove political turmoil, culminating in the assassination of the Emir in 1919, precipitating the Third Afghan War. It influenced the Kalmyk Project of...
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